Inscribed:
His life is not poor
He has riches beyond measure
Pointing to the moon, gazing at the moon
This old guest follows the way

Painting and calligraphy as practiced by Zen Buddhist monks expresses through bold and direct imagery the quintessence of Zen teaching. The purpose of such works was to aid in meditation and their spontaneity and immediacy reflect Zen belief that satori or enlightenment can occur in an instant.

One of the most important Zen monk-painters of the early Edo period, Fugai lived as a recluse, sometimes in caves, or in remote villages, and for many years he just wandered, spending only a couple of relatively short periods of residence at temples. Among his favorite subjects were Daruma, the patriarch of Zen, and Hotei, the tenth-century eccentric Chinese monk who came to be venerated as the “god of good fortune.” This image of Hotei, executed in grey, wet strokes, with only spare use of black, characterizes the Zen figural style known as “ghost” or “apparition” painting. Here Fugai presents the wandering monk Hotei with his treasure bag, pointing to the moon, in an image and accompanying poem that conveys the pure joy of nonattachment.